Export Potential Of Thai Canned Tuna To Japan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1692 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Chapter I: Introduction Canned sea foods industry is a value-added industry for both domestic and imported raw products before export to foreign countries. It has been one of Thaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exported agricultural industries which grown in value continuously. Canned tuna industry is the most important canned sea foods in Thailand. It has a value of 84 percent of the total canned sea foods export value in 2008. Thailand has been the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest exporter of canned tuna for the last ten years, represents about 40 percent of worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s canned tuna export amount (EXIM Bank, 2009). Japan has been one of the major markets of Thai canned tuna export for very long period of times. Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rate of import has been increasing almost every year. It imported 1.6 million cartons in 1991 and increased to about 2.6 million cartons in 1995 which Thailand was the number one exporter. Thailand held the market shares of 53.4 percent in 1991, increased to the highest of 71.8 percent in1994, and decreased to 53.43 percent in 1995 (Boonmasu, 1998). More recently, Thailand still held most of the Japan canned tuna market shares (50.9 percent) in 2008, fallowed by Indonesia (23.2 percent) and Philippines (16.7 percent) (Global Trade, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Export Potential Of Thai Canned Tuna To Japan" essay for you Create order However, nowadays Thailand is facing the problems of quantity and price uncertainty including import tax in exportation of canned tuna to Japan. In the last quarter of 2008 (October December) the export of canned tuna from Thailand experienced a negative trend as a result of the economic crisis. Except for the USA, exports to other major markets showed sharp decline during this period including Japan which decreases about 7.8 percent (Josupeit, 2009). Even though Thailand is the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest canned tuna exporter, amount of tuna in Thai water area alone is not enough for the canned tuna industry so Thailand has to import raw material (tuna) from other countries for up to 70 percent of the total tuna input, this results as the high cost of production because about 73 percent of canned tuna production cost come from chilled or frozen tuna (Jintatam, 1997) Indonesia and Philippines are the major competitors that have some advantages over Thailand. These two countries have abundance of tuna resource and low labor cost which give them the advantage of lower cost of production. However, their production forces are still far off Thaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s total canned tuna production. International trade agreements like the Japan-Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA) and the ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (AJCEP) are the major factors affecting import tax of canned tuna in Japan that needed to be studied. Japan has decreased import tax for Thai canned tuna from 4.3 percent to 3.2 percent in 2009 and will decrease to 0 percent in 2012 under JTEPA. However, Thailand still has to import raw material (tuna) from other countries and JTEPA only affects tuna that been caught from Thaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s boat or IOTC (Indian Ocean Tuna Commission) members, so Thailand cannot get full advantage from the agreement. It is expected that AJCEP agreement will increase advantage of Thai canned tuna export to Japan after its enforcement in 2009. From the above reasons, it is important to study Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s canned tuna market nature, market share, comparative advantage of Thailand, and related trade agreements to make a decision of expansion the export of Thaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s canned tuna market to Japan in the future. Objectives To study market nature, change of growth rate and market shares, and competitiveness of Thai canned tuna in Japan. To study effects of international trade agreements; JTEPA and AJCEP to Thai canned tuna export to Japan. To analyze relationships between frozen tuna prices and amount of Thai canned tuna export to Japan. Contribution/Benefits This study provides knowledge of canned tuna market in Japan including growth rate and changes of market share to know potential and competitiveness of Thai exports. And also provides knowledge of factors effecting export value change to find errors which could be used by exporters and other researchers for further study. Methodology and Variables The study gathers related secondary data from previous researches, journals and thesis, including statistics from both the government and public sectors e.g. EXIM bank, Department of Export Promotion, Department of Business Economics, Department of Fisheries, and Food and Agriculture Organization (FOA). Descriptive Analysis will be used to describe nature of canned tuna market export from Thailand to Japan, effects of JTEPA and AJCEP on canned tuna export, growth rate and market shares of Thai canned tuna export to Japan, and SWOT analysis, to see competitiveness between Thailand and its major competitors; Indonesia and Philippines, by using statistic data in the form of chart, percentage, and table to support the description. Grangerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Causality Test is used to examine relationship of frozen tuna price and amount of Thai canned tuna exports to Japan. If past X contains useful information (in addition to the information in past Y) to predict future Y, so X à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“granger causesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Y. Z fails to Granger-causes Y if: MSE[E(xt|It-1)] = MSE[E(xt|Jt-1)] Here It-1 contains past information on Y and Z while Jt-1 contains past information on Y only. Regression: xt=c+ÃŽÂ ±xt-1+ÃŽÂ ²yt-1+ut Test H0: ÃŽÂ ²=0 Chapter II: Literature Review Several published literatures had examined export potential of Thai canned tuna to foreign markets such as the study of Charoenkhwan (2003) which studied on the general condition of canned tuna marketing in U.S.A., market share of Thai canned tuna in U.S.A. and factors that impact on demand for input of U.S.A. to Thai canned tuna. The result of studying general condition indicated that Thailand was the first ranking of the world in canned tuna industry. They also analyzed on changing of export value of canned tuna by using Constant Market Share model (CMS) indicated that Albacore, Yellow fin and the other tuna of Thailand had exportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s average growth more than U.S.A. trade effect. For an analysis on factors that impact on demand for input of U.S.A. to Thai canned tuna was dependent on import price in Thai canned tuna adjusting by consumer price index of U.S.A. Boonmasu (1998) aimed to study the nature, together with the problem and the obstacles of the production and export, including the study of market competitive advantage of Thai canned tuna product by comparing among the majors competitors within this region; Philippines and Indonesia. Her study emphasized on important export markets; the USA, EU, Japan and the world markets. Quantitative analysis, descriptive analysis and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) are the major tools she used to analyze the gathered secondary data during 1991-1995. The outcome of the study shows that Thailand has to import the frozen tuna around 70 percent of the volume needed for production. The analysis of the main export markets of Thailand has found that the product is more competitive comparing to the other competitors. However, such competitive ability and advantage seem to be lessened consistently. Study of Kijboonchoo and Kalayanakupt (2003) attempted to measure the comparative advantage and competitive strength of Thailand in exporting canned tuna to the world market between 1982 and 1998. They also used revealed comparative advantage (RCA) as the major tool. Their study shows that Thailand was the largest exporter of canned tuna in the world market between 1982 and 1998. Thailandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s comparative advantage has been decreasing in all the studied periods. Also market shares in terms of export volume and value have fallen significantly in the studied periods. Kaewchuey (2007) studied production and marketing of palm fruit and crude palm oil in Thailand, and analyzed palm oil price relationship between different market levels. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the Ganger Causality Test were employed to examine the horizontal and vertical price relationships of palm oil. The results showed that all price series used in this study were integrated of order I. Therefore, the Cointegration Test was applied to test for long term price relationships between the markets. The results indicated that there were long term relationships between international prices of crude palm oil and wholesale prices, and between wholesale prices and palm fruit prices in local markets. The result from the Grangerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Causality Tests revealed that vertical price relationships existed. International prices of crude palm oil Granger-caused wholesale prices, which, in turn, Granger-caused palm fruit prices in local markets. The results implied that the price of palm oil at a higher market level could influence the price at a lower market level. Chapter III: Japan Canned Tuna Market Market Characteristics Growth Rate and Market Shares Table 3.1: Market shares of canned tuna in major market countries in the year 2008 (Unit: percents) USA Australia Japan Thailand 46.4 96.2 50.9 Indonesia 6.2 1 23.2 Philippines 12.5 0.7 16.7 Others 34.9 2.1 9.2 Total 100 100 100 Source: Global Trade, 2008 Table 3.2: Thailandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s frozen tuna imports 2007-2008 (separated by species) (Unit: Q in 1,000 tons, V in billion Baht) Species 2007 Q 2007 V 2008 Q 2008 V % change Q % change V Skipjack 403.1 16,169.7 498.9 28,202.9 23.8 74.4 Yellow Fin 84 4,477.4 82.2 5,356.5 -2.1 19.6 Albacore 32.2 2,019.4 24.2 1,928.4 -24.8 -4.5 Big Eye 2.8 113.2 4.2 221.1 50 -95.3 Others 0.8 18.9 0.1 7.2 16.6 -61.9 Total 522.9 22,789.6 609.6 35,716.1 Source: INFOFISH Chapter IV: International Trade Agreements JTEPA AJCEP Chapter V: SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats Chapter VI: Grangerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Causality Test If past X contains useful information (in addition to the information in past Y) to predict future Y, we say X à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“granger causesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Y. Note that Grangerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s causality test may or may not indicate causal effect of x on y (could you think of some examples?) Z fails to Granger-causes y if: MSE[E(xt|It-1)] = MSE[E(xt|Jt-1)] Here It-1 contains past information on Y and Z while Jt-1 contains past information on Y only. Regression: xt=c+ÃŽÂ ±xt-1+ÃŽÂ ²yt-1+ut Test H0: ÃŽÂ ²=0 Chapter VII: Conclusion and Discussion Kijboonchoo and Kalayanakupt (2003) had made suggestions of six possible ways to solve the Thaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s canned tuna problems and obstacles that should be done by both government and private sector; the problem of the lack of domestic raw materials should be eliminated or reduced, production plants and procedure should be upgraded, Thai producers and exporters should build up their own brands and trademarks, Producers and exporters should adjust their plants, products and production procedures to meet the importing countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ standards and regulations, the related government unit should provide more information to the Thai producers and exporters, and they should have the web site in order to provide their information to customers.

Essay on HRM Issues in China - 3405 Words

Issues affecting International Human Resource Management in China â€Å"Napoleon called China a sleeping dragon and said there would be woe to the world when the dragon awakes. As the world knows, the dragon is more than stirring.† Introduction The Chinese believe that the Great Dragon ruled the Middle Kingdom of the world for nearly four thousand years. For most of this period China was a great trading nation. Then the dragon fell asleep for two centuries, while China collapsed under the effects of colonialism, until in 1978 Deng Xiao Ping woke the dragon up. And now the Chinese dragon is back, hungry to take its place as the economic and cultural superpower of the 21st century. Nowadays China is often called the world’s†¦show more content†¦The third is psychological. People’s thinking differs because of their different life experiences. Activities like management and organisation are therefore culturally dependent. Hofstede’s five Dimensions Hofstede proposes five dimensions in the study of national culture. Power Distance Index (PDI) The PDI focuses on the degree of equality in the country’s society. China has a significantly high PDI which indicates a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society. This condition is rather accepted by the society as their cultural heritage, than forced upon the population. Individualism (IDV) The IDV focuses on the degree the society supports individual or collective achievement and interpersonal relationships. The low IDV typifies the Chinese society as one with a more collectivistic nature with close ties between individuals. The society encourages strong relationships were everyone takes responsibility for the other members of their group, e.g. family. The low IDV is probably caused by the Communism. Masculinity (MAS) The MAS focuses on the degree the society support the traditional work role model of male achievement, control and power. The MAS of China is just a little bit higher than the world average, which means that there is still differentiation and discrimination between male and female. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) The UAI focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguityShow MoreRelatedDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management researchRead MoreA Research Study On Human Resource Management1594 Words   |  7 PagesIn comparative studies Scholars from outside China were concerned regarding the easy transfer of the HRM technique’s with these joint venture setups leading to exchange of abnormality among the work culture. There are ten different studies focused to inspect the future of restricting and standardising the global HRM policy in China. The conclusion understood at the end from the studies often negates the pos sibility in the context of China (Walsh Zhu Y, 2007; Wilson, Chen Erakovic, 2006), inRead MoreHrm Lincoln Electric Case1044 Words   |  5 PagesLincoln Electric Case Study Analysis Overview of the Case of Lincoln Electric Lincoln electric established consistent HRM policies to build trust. This has been true since inception. This long history promotes confidence in employees and surety of future reward. Workers average $17,600 per year on standard 32 hour work weeks. They are able to earn about this same amount again in bonuses. This system creates high productivity. Lincoln Electric operates on a system of equality, cooperation, andRead MoreWhy I Choose A Manager From China Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pageswho works in China. The company he works in named Xi an Qinhua Natural Gas Limited Co. and he has been worked for this position for 10 years. Actually, he is my father’s best friends and we use the Facetime to finished this interview. There are two reasons why I choose a manager from China. The first reason can be by using the Chinese, I can present my question and understand the answer well; the second reason is, because of the different culture and business system between China and America, IRead MoreThe Ethical And Management Issues1466 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This report will address the ethical and management issues presented in the case studies Seven Eleven, Are organisation’s exploiting ‘non-employees’ and New and challenging HRM issues in China and India. The main ethical issues raised by these case studies are cultural diversity issues, discrimination and employee working conditions. Along with these ethical issues there are also management issues outlined Corporate Greed and an issue Human resource. This resulted in loss of thousands of dollarRead MoreThe Ethical And Management Issues1593 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees considered to be casual workers. In China and India, new and challenging HRM issues are undergoing tremendous changes due to the improvement of workplace conditions, labour laws and wages all contributing to healthier, safer work environments. The purpose of this report is to Comment on the ethical and management issues raised by all three case studies (7-Eleven, ‘Are organisation’s exploiting ‘non-employees’’ and ‘New and challenging HRM issues in China and India’) and make recommendations forRead MoreA Brand Across Cultures : The Case Of Ikea1541 Words   |  7 Pageschallenging process especially for HRM when trying to promote or activate a brand across borders (Tarnovskaya Cherantony 2011). According to King and Grace, brand internalisation is the process by which corporations reshape their brands to match the attitudes, values and customs help by locals (2008). For instance, a French subsidiary of Apple Inc. can adapt French management practices while selling their products in order to fit in the local market. The challenge for HRM lies in not only ensuring thatRead MoreA New Forms Of Trans National Management Organization Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom corner to corner national boundaries for Multinational Companies performance (Hofstede, 1980, 1997; Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1989; Adler, 1986; Adler and Ghadar, 1990; Yuen and Kee, 1993; Guest et al., 1996; Ferner, 1997; Edwards and Ferner, 2000). HRM practice from the home country to abroad subsidiary may be hampered by constraints set by the culture and tradition of the host country (Jain et al., 1998). In compare to, home country variation are more likely to create complexity for the â€Å"reverse†Read MoreChallenges Faced By The Multinational Organizations1396 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges faced by the multinational organization while doing business in the international market. To discuss the challenges, the report selects the developing country-China and highlights the challenges that the multinational organizations can face if they are thinking of expanding in China. NEW TRENDS OF MULTINATIONALS IN CHINA Multinational organizations as per the comparison predominance which distinctive host nation in the skilled, strength of technical skills and in the infrastructure of scientificRead More1. Abstract . We Have Little Knowledge About The Report,1693 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal talents hunting are the two perspectives of GTM. GTM discusses and considered primarily about the mechanisms and following the willingness to enter the emerging markets using organisational ability to maintain or managing the talents. These issues addressed or shows when once the new corporate roles have identified. GTM theory and practice our basic understanding advances by seeing of challenges facing by corporate HR in the future. 2.Introduction In the international literature of human resource

Crime in Literature Free Essays

When crime features in literature, there are often many ways it is dealt with. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† by Langston Hughes, Mrs. Jones was almost robbed by a boy named Roger. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime in Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead of calling the cops Mrs. Jones took the boy home to her house, washed, fed and gave him money to buy the sneakers that he had wanted to steal the money for. In contrast, in Roald Dahl’s â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter†, Mary kills her husband, Patrick Maloney, after he told her he is going to leave her. After killing her husband, she tricks the police that she found him dead when she came home and also tricked them into eating the leg of lamb that she killed him with. While the lesson that is taught in each literature work are far different from each other, both show that crime is treated differently in many cases. However, were as Hughes illustrates the lesson that is being taught about theft, dhal demonstrates the unexpected turn in a common crime. In both works of literature works, â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† and â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter†, crime is a common theme. Though in both literature works crime is conveyed differently. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† Mrs. Jones is almost robbed by a young boy Roger. But instead of calling the cops, Mrs. Jones catches him and takes him home where she taught him that stealing may not be the solution to his problems. In contrast, in â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter†, Mary Maloney kills her husband, Patrick Maloney. But instead of getting caught, she finds a way to cover her tracks. Though both themes were crime, it’s shown in different ways. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† the theme can portrayed as crime is solved by forgiveness. Mrs. Jones shows roger forgiveness which made the reader believe that roger will change his ways. In â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† the theme shows that crime can be solved by lying. Mary will not go to jail because she covered her tracks and the cops can’t trace her to her husband’s murder. Another example of how the theme is different by the ending of each story. In the end of â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† roger leaves Mrs. Jones house changed, speechless of what just happened to him. However, in â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† Mary giggles at the end of the story. This can show that both works of literature were conveyed differently throughout each story. Therefore, this shows how he crime is common in both works of literature through to theme is different. These two examples show how the themes are different. In both works of literature, â€Å"Tank You Ma’am† and â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter†, characterization is a common influence on how each story plays out. However in each works of literature characters influence in different ways. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† Mrs. Jones helps roger realize what his wrong doing was. Therefore, Mrs. Jones influences roger to realize what he has been doing wrong. In contrast, in â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† Mary tricks to police into eating the lamb, the weapon in Patrick murder case. This shows that Mary influence the police to believe that she did not kill her husband. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† Mrs. Jones could be characterized as kind. It was kindness that Mrs. Jones showed Roger for him to realize his wrong doings. And yet, in â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† Mary can be characterized as manipulative. In addition, the characterization could change the seriousness of a crime. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† Roger is characterized as a minor. He was just a young boy who had potential of changing his ways. In â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† marry could be characterized, in this case, as a consequential adult. Mary was dealing with a serious crime that she had committed. This shows that even though both works of literature consist of crime, the authors illustrates a different kind of crime in each by using the characterization of each character. Roger was a kid with a chance of change, who as just committed a robbery, but in Mary’s case she as an adult that had committed a murder. Through characterization, these stories consist of a common trait, but are conveyed differently. These two examples show how the two text are different. In conclusion, throughout both works of literature, there were common traits that consist in the story that is told by convey themselves differently. In both â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† and â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† consist of crime, but in each work they convey itself differently than the others. † In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† crime was resolved by forgiveness. In â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† crime was solved by lying. Both works also consist of characterization that play out the story, but is used differently in each one. In â€Å"Thank You Ma’am† Mrs. Jones characterization help roger for the better. In â€Å"Lambs to the Slaughter† Mary’s characterization helped her for the bad. There were common trait but all was conveyed differently to create a different reaction of each literature works. How to cite Crime in Literature, Papers

Auditing and Assurance Business Research Opportunity

Question: Describe aout the Auditing and Assurance for Business Research Opportunity. Answer: Introduction This study deals with company named as Wesfarmers Limited listed in Australian Stock Exchange. In this particular assignment, emphasis has been given for understanding the audit engagement report for the year 2017. The present study gather information as well as preparation of report for meeting audit collaborates as well as audit managers. The first question explains the operational aspects of Wesfarmers Limited in areas like retail, liquor as well as home improvement and department stores. Then, Wesfarmers Limited faces some of the issues with auditing activities following related laws as well as regulations (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). It further gives information on understanding major and minor competitors of Wesfarmers Limited. Therefore, at the end, strength and weakness are explained for Wesfarmers Limited. 1. Wesfarmers Audit Engagement 2017 Part A Areas in which Wesfarmers conduct its operations Wesfarmers Limited is an Australian-listed company based in Australia. This particular organization conducts its business operations in areas such as supermarkets, hotels, home improvements, department stores as well as liquor and convenience stores. It is one of the largest private sector employing around 220000 staff members and shareholder base of 530000 on approximate basis (Redmayne 2013). The main objective of Wesfarmers Limited is providing satisfactory return to potential stakeholders. Part B Identification of laws and regulations Wesfarmers Limited is committed towards compiling with laws as well as regulations for countries operating its business in ethical way. This particular company is consistent with principles of honesty, fairness as well as respect and integrity (Moroney et al. 2014). Bribery as well as other related improper refers in the policy considers as criminal offenses for company and individuals at the same time. This is presented as inconsistent in aligning with Wesfarmers Values. There are various laws prohibiting with improper payments covering in the policy in applicable for all countries. Wesfarmers Limited who engages in trading activities operates these activities. Some of the Laws and Regulations are as follows: Australian Criminal Code US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act UK Bribery Act Competition and Consumer Act in Australia Anti-bribery policy The main purpose of this policy brings out the responsibilities of Wesfarmers Limited personnel in observing as well as upholding the prohibition on bribery and other related improper conduct (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). On the contrary, Wesfarmers Limited provides information as well as guidance in recognizing and dealing with instances on areas such as bribery and corruption at the same time. This policy is applicable to Wesfarmers Limited for all Directors as well as employees. It is given in diversified nature for Wesfarmers Limited operating in and across Australia. Wesfarmers Limited adopts own anti-bribery policies in related with operational aspects in the most appropriate way. Wesfarmers Limited Personnel understands as well as complies with given policies. Wesfarmers Limited does not encourage accepting or requesting bribes, payment facilitation as well as money laundering and secret commission activities (Hay, Stewart and Botica Redmayne 2016). Wesfarmers Limited does not approve in requesting for irregular payment for winning for making business decisions in an effective way. Wesfarmers Limited complies with reporting as well as approval process in areas such as gifts as well as entertainment and hospitality. Wesfarmers Limited does not offer or receive any type of gift by relevant Anti-bribery Officer (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Part C Primary Competitors in retail sector Wesfarmers Limited mainly starts its farmer cooperation in and around Western Australia few centuries ago. In the recent world, Wesfarmers Limited is the most diverse companies and largest retailers that aim at acquisition of food and liquid retailing activities under Coles Group. Wesfarmers Limited shows interest in far-ranging business involving general merchandise (Kmart and Target), Home improvement as Burnings as well as office products retailing. Wesfarmers Limited also engages its operations in coal mining, fertilizers production as well as gas processing and safety products (Hardidge et al. 2013). Wesfarmers Limited believes in providing agricultural merchandise as well as services for future analysis purpose Two Major Competitor of Wesfarmers Limited Woolworths Limited- Woolworths Limited is major competitor of Wesfarmers Limited as both operate its activities in retail sector (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Both the companies are listed in Australian Stock Exchange. Woolworth Limited operates in Australia as well as New Zealand involving more than 1000 supermarkets. Addition to that, Woolworths Limited sells gasoline as well as leverages in form of distribution network. Therefore, Woolworths Limited provides wholesale merchandise especially for third-party supermarkets in the most appropriate way (Carson, Fargher and Zhang 2016). Metcash Limited- Metcash Limited is one of the wholesale grocery suppliers as well as liquor distribution in and around Australia. This particular business organization has distribution units serving more than 2500 grocery stores. This company operates as Australian Liquid Marketers supplying for more than 13000 liquid stores. Two Minor Competitor of Wesfarmers Limited Caltex Australia Limited- Caltex Australia Limited occupies the topmost position in oil refining as well as marketing company with around 30% share especially in retail fuel market (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). This particular business organization engages in refining as well as marketing of fuels and lubricants in and across the country with network of more than 2000 brand gas stations. Caltex Australia Limited owns as well as operates 11 coastal storage terminals as well as petroleum products and lubricant blending plants. In the year 2015, Chevron mainly sold its stake of 50% to Caltex Australia Limited (Botica?Redmayne 2013). Myer- Myer Limited is one of minor competitors of Wesfarmers Limited operating in retail sector. Myer Limited segments into price conscious group targeting to departmental stores. Myer Limited targets middle class as well as upper middle class individuals. Myer Limited positions its products in styles as well as quality in the most appropriate way. Myer Limited is an Australian chain for upscale of operations from high range of departmental stores (Moroney et al. 2014). Myer Limited has stores in the Australian States as well as Australian Capital Territory. Myer Limited offers large variety of brands at affordable prices for rendering consumers. Myer Limited has strong brand presence as well as reputation in and around Australia. 2. SWOT analysis for Wesfarmers Strengths Weakness Wesfarmers Limited established in the year 1914 depicting as powerful brands legacy Wesfarmers Limited emphasis majorly upon community development initiatives Wesfarmers Limited delivers convenience as well as customer services (Moroney et al. 2014) Wesfarmers Limited has major key importance in quality as well as performance Wesfarmers Limited has many stores as well as strong workforce of more than 200000 staff members (Moroney et al. 2014) Wesfarmers Limited aims at providing special offers as well as discounts for attracting customers as far as possible Wesfarmers Limited sales with the help of online formats Wesfarmers Limited renders variety of suits in price points. Wesfarmers Limited is a market leader in retail sector and this is the reason that this company remains under scrutiny for undertaking any critical decisions Wesfarmers Limited has low geographical presence. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that Wesfarmers occupies the topmost position in the retail sector. This particular business organization follows core principles and code of conduct for meeting the objectives in the near future. It has strong brand presence in and across Australia. Laws and regulations are explained above with proper justification. Wesfarmers Limited obtains requires approvals especially for donations as well as sponsorship. In other words, Wesfarmers Limited maintains accurate records for dealing with third party. Wesfarmers Limited should be vigilant in reporting any breach of contract for any type of suspicious behavior in relation with policy. Reference List Botica?Redmayne, N., 2013. Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia: An Integrated Approach. Pacific Accounting Review. Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Zhang, Y., 2016. Trends in Auditor Reporting in Australia: A Synthesis and Opportunities for Research. Australian Accounting Review, 26(3), pp.226-242. Hardidge, D., Abeysekera, I., Chew, T.G., De Santi, R., Egan, T., Ghandar, A., Jakubicki, P., Lee, A., Luckins, J., Ridley, C. and Shying, M., 2013. A guide to understanding auditing and assurance: listed companies. Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis. Available at SSRN 2838066. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(1), pp.1-11. Moroney, R., Campbell, F., Hamilton, J. and Warren, V., 2014. Auditing: A Practical Approach. Wiley Global Education. Redmayne, N.B., 2013. Auditing and Assurance Services and Ethics in Australia: An Integrated Approach. Journal of Accounting Organizational Change. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues and Opportunities. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

Control of Infectious Diseases Vs Tobacco Use

Free Essays on Spain

Culture There are exhibitions, concerts, plays, films, conferences, and musical performances of almost anything in Madrid. The most fascinating among them are the International Theatre Festival, the International Film Festival, the International Opera Festival, the festival called â€Å"The Summers of the City†, and the Autumn Festival together with the seasons performances at the theater La Zarzuela and the Jazz, Pop and Rock Festivals not forgetting the Fair for Contemporary Art called â€Å"Arco†. Attractions Madrid has a large number of museums, where the great masters of Spanish and universal paintings are found. There are also museums for sculpture, archaeology, science, and much much more. Such as the Museum of the Romantic Period, Natural Science Museum, City Museum, or the Royal Arsenal. Special Events There are many special events in Spain one of which is the book fair, which brings together the most important national publishers. Other festival occasions that are important to Spain and Spain’s surrounding that are officially considered of interest to tourists are: Corpus Christi in Toledo and the celebrations at Atienza (Guadalajara), Camunas (Toledo), Mora (Toledo), Zamarramala (Segovia), Hita (Guadalajara), Candeleda (Avila). Finally, there is the festival excursion to the shrine of the Virgin of Hontanares, an excursion called â€Å"Romeria† in Spanish, Which takes place at Riaza, and the â€Å"Romeria† of El Cristo del Caloco. Just to name some. Holiday In the second half of May, Madrid celebrates in honor of San Isidro. The celebration is accompanied by typical Madrid folklore, including Fairs and Dances that are organized on the meadow of San Isidro, where the people of Madrid sing, dance and enjoy themselves next to the Hermitage of their Patrol Saint. At the same time, there are ballet and opera performances as well as the traditional bull fights at the bullring of Las Ventas. There are many holidays, ... Free Essays on Spain Free Essays on Spain Culture There are exhibitions, concerts, plays, films, conferences, and musical performances of almost anything in Madrid. The most fascinating among them are the International Theatre Festival, the International Film Festival, the International Opera Festival, the festival called â€Å"The Summers of the City†, and the Autumn Festival together with the seasons performances at the theater La Zarzuela and the Jazz, Pop and Rock Festivals not forgetting the Fair for Contemporary Art called â€Å"Arco†. Attractions Madrid has a large number of museums, where the great masters of Spanish and universal paintings are found. There are also museums for sculpture, archaeology, science, and much much more. Such as the Museum of the Romantic Period, Natural Science Museum, City Museum, or the Royal Arsenal. Special Events There are many special events in Spain one of which is the book fair, which brings together the most important national publishers. Other festival occasions that are important to Spain and Spain’s surrounding that are officially considered of interest to tourists are: Corpus Christi in Toledo and the celebrations at Atienza (Guadalajara), Camunas (Toledo), Mora (Toledo), Zamarramala (Segovia), Hita (Guadalajara), Candeleda (Avila). Finally, there is the festival excursion to the shrine of the Virgin of Hontanares, an excursion called â€Å"Romeria† in Spanish, Which takes place at Riaza, and the â€Å"Romeria† of El Cristo del Caloco. Just to name some. Holiday In the second half of May, Madrid celebrates in honor of San Isidro. The celebration is accompanied by typical Madrid folklore, including Fairs and Dances that are organized on the meadow of San Isidro, where the people of Madrid sing, dance and enjoy themselves next to the Hermitage of their Patrol Saint. At the same time, there are ballet and opera performances as well as the traditional bull fights at the bullring of Las Ventas. There are many holidays, ... Free Essays on Spain Spain occupies about 85 percent of the Iberian Peninsula and is bounded by water for about 88 percent of its periphery; its Mediterranean coast is 1,660 km long, and its Atlantic coast is 710 km long. The long, unbroken mountain chain of the Pyrenes, extending 435 km from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea, forms the border with France on the north; in the extreme south the Strait of Gibraltar, less than 13 km wide at its narrowest extent, separates Spain from Africa. The most important topographical feature of Spain is the great, almost treeless, central plateau, called the Meseta Central, sloping generally downward from north to south and from east to west, and with an average elevation of 600 m above sea level. The tableland is divided into northern and southern sections by irregular mountain ranges, or sierras, of which the most important are the Sierra de Guadarrama, the Sierra de Gredos, and the Montes de Toledo. Between many of the mountains are narrow valleys, drained by rapid rivers. The coastal plain is narrow, rarely as much as 30 km wide and, in many areas, broken by mountains that descend to the sea to form rocky headlands, particularly along the Mediterranean coast, where the sole excellent harbor is Barcelona. The northwestern coastal area has several good harbors, particularly along the Galician coast. The six principal mountain chains have elevations greater than 3,300 m. The highest peaks are the Pico de Aneto 3,404 m in the Pyrenees and Mulhacà ©n 3,477 m in the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain. The highest point in Spain and its insular territories is Pico de Teide 3,715 m on Tenerife Island in the Canary Islands. The lowest point is sea level along the coast. The principal rivers of Spain flow west and south to the Atlantic Ocean, generally along deep, rocky courses that they have cut through the mountain valleys. The Duero (Douro), Mià ±o, Tajo (Tagus), and Guadiana rivers rise in Spain and flow through Portug...

The practice of secondment and the goal of a more efficient and Essay

The practice of secondment and the goal of a more efficient and accepted implementation - Essay Example As will be discussed in this analysis, workers on secondment are often reticent to exert their full potential and treat the assignment with the same rigor and determination that they are inclined to do in their normal work. Furthermore, due to this approach, efficiency is lost and with that lost efficiency, profitability for the organization is also lost. As such, it is management’s desire to recapture this lost efficiency and work to promote the role of secondments, although temporary, as an integral role within the organizational structure and work to change cultural and personal perceptions that currently exist within the organization. 1.2 Identify the aim, scope and objective of the project. The purpose of this brief analysis is to discuss the process of conducting a project as it would relate to the process of secondment in the United Kingdom. These current issues include, but are not limited to: issues of reduced efficiency due to employee distaste for the system, loss o f overall profitability associated with the aforementioned loss of efficiency, and the overall reticence of employees throughout the organization to eagerly venture outside the norms and comforts of the routine they have grown accustomed to. As such, the purpose of this analysis will be to build a plan of action with relation to conducting a management project that is intended to better streamline and ensure the continued success of secondment; all the while working to reduce the negative aspects of the practice that have become so evident in company culture. 1.3 Justify the aim and objective of the project. The clear justification of this particular project is the direct need to redefine the process of secondment as something that can be a net positive for both parties involved and not a dreaded component of the work plan. As such, this analysis will draw upon the main goals of incentivizing the process in different ways, focusing on the needs of the employee and the employer, and maximizing the efficiency that had previously been lost due to dissatisfaction associated with interruption that secondment portends. The greater purpose intended is to create an environment in which secondment is looked upon in a different light; so that while valuable tangential work experience is obtained, the employee continues to maintain an open mind as to the process and is also mindful of the reward mechanisms that are associated with efficient and mindful implementation of the given secondment. 2.1 Identify sources of data and information for the project. For purposes of analysis as well as background information on secondment and the general views that are held with regards to it, this project has analysed multiple scholarly articles and journal entries which will work to shed a light on the common views regarding secondment, differing means of implementation, effects of employee distaste with the current system, specific shortcomings and strengths, loss of efficiency, and a multiplicity of ways in which the system might be improved. Secondly, in order to accurately measure the success of the project, a series of metrics will need to be established to measure employee response to the new rewards system which will be employed to foster success for secondment. Due to the fact that such a systemic

Performance in Drama and Poetry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Performance in Drama and Poetry - Assignment Example In addition, the poem evidently demonstrates unity of action in that the activities are focused on one plotline and the illiterate protagonist. Unlike the more epic novels, spanning several plots, geographical locations, and historical eras, drama and poetry are far less overarching. For instance, in the play, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, Drobot (2012) said the story revolves around the protagonist, Blanche DuBois who is depicted as constantly bearing the brunt of ill-treatment, especially at the hands of Stanley. However, the other characters are depicted as playing subsidiary roles throughout the play. In light of the focus on a single item, the resulting drama and poem would always be performative. Plays and poems employ characterization, plot and mood to develop the themes, which are inherent throughout the literary piece in question. As a reader, I have noticed that unlike the narrative novels which tend to be â€Å"telling† the story from the narrator’s or the author’s view, plays and poems generally show readers the events as they unravel. As the result, I do have a feeling of a participant when reading plays and poems than when reading

Religious Expression's relation to ancient cultures through Greek and Essay

Religious Expression's relation to ancient cultures through Greek and Roman times - Essay Example II. Roman Temple Cultus (150 words) The temple cultus of Rome was what drove Roman society. Romans were expected to make sacrifices to the temple court on a regular basis, and no one was exempt—from the very wealthy to the very poor. However, early Christianity started to rise up in popularity. The Christians refused to pay sacrifices to the temple cultus, claiming that they only served one god alone. According to Hauer and Young (1998), â€Å"On one point devout Christians were obdurate in their resistance to Roman policy. This was teh cult of the divine emperor†¦The cult of the emperor was more popular in the provinces than in Rome itself [and the divine kingship in the eastern Mediterranean† (pp. 338). This was the beginning of the end of divine rule in Rome, as Christianity was spreading like wildfire. It is certain that the rituals that the Christians developed were based on traditions already in place. III. Pre-Christian Tradition in Rome (300 words) Early Ch ristianity was basically based on Judaism as well as Roman religious tradition. Everything from the Lord’s Supper (which was basically consisting of bread and wine)—to providing sacrifices for Jehovah or Yahweh—were rituals based on both Roman and Jewish tradition. While the Eucharist was based on a Jewish tradition, Roman love-feasts were also the basis for the Lord’s Supper. People got together in secret burial societies and had feasts, committing each other to themselves in order to ensure that after their deaths they would be properly buried. These burial societies were the precursors of early Christian tradition. It was only with the appearance of the early church fathers that these Jewish and Roman customs were totally extracted from Christian tradition, and new religious meanings were associated with the Lord’s Supper. In lieu of the Jewish tradition of celebrating in the mikveh ceremonies, the practice was renamed baptism and was required o f all Christian converts. There were so many traditions that were borrowed from Judeo-Roman religious tradition that many Christians are not even aware of these traditions. It is necessary for Christians to realize that Christianity indeed was a sprout forth from Judaism, and, indirectly, a branch of Judaism. The only difference was that Christianity declared Jesus not only their prophet, but the son of God, Yahweh—also known as Jehovah in some circles, depending upon one whether one used the Hebrew or the Greek translation. Even though the language of Jesus was Aramaic, many of Jesus’s followers were indeed Jewish before realizing that following Jesus meant converting into a Christian—which was a new way of life and unfettered by all the rules of Pharisaic Judaism. Indeed, it is true that the several traditions that still continue today in Christianity are evocative of religious Jewish and Roman tradition. IV. Greek Gods (200 words) Greek gods were frequently w orshipped in the Greco-Roman Empire as well. Since the histories of both Greece and Rome are so intertwined, some of their religious traditions overlapped. According to Newsom and Ringe (1998)â€Å"Many cities honored one particular god or goddess as primary, such as the worship of Artemis at Ephesus, but also honored other deities as well. Judaism acknowledged only one deity, Yahweh, the God of Israel†¦

Influential Costs to Healthcare Departments

Influential Costs to Healthcare Departments Patrick Bobst New federal laws, government regulations and the continuous rising costs of medical care have healthcare organizations facing financial revenue challenges stemming from fluctuating patient volumes to declining reimbursements. A major change in the healthcare industry has incentivized healthcare systems to keeping patients healthy and out of facilities instead of applying patient volume reimbursements. Healthcare organizations are shifting to value-based models that strategically focus on initiatives to not only reduce costs, but also improve efficiency while improving quality care. Challenges to maintain high quality care under tight budgets will be a continuous and arduous task for senior leaders. Budgeting practices are regarded as an organizational imperative if costs are to be predicted and controlled(Frow, Marginson, Ogden, 2010). Nurse Managers with a firm grip on relevant budget information are influential to patient care and insure the patient is receiving the best and safes t possible service(Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010). Budgeting increases efficiency through planning and coordination as well provides the ability to weave together all the disparate threads of an organization into a comprehensiveplan that serves many purposes (King, Clarkson, Wallace, 2009). Organizations today are implementing strategies to control the rising cost of healthcare are aimed at reducing medical resource consumption rates (Reiter Song, 2013). Research has shown that shifting budget strategies away from growth and expansion of high fixed costs associated with hospital care is shifting from growth and expansion toward a focus on efficiency, maintenance and existing capital in order to achieve cost control (Reiter Song, 2013). Cost Concepts in Healthcare Nurse Managers are rarely involved with revenue information but mainly involved with the spending aspect of the budget (Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010). Understanding the relationship of cost to volume is an important concept in a manager’s role for a departmental budget. Complexity surrounds the concept of volume, especially in volume-driven healthcare revenue planning and reporting. Volume in hospitals includes not only the patient census numbers but also takes into account the patient acuity, patient insurance type, patient minute/hours/days, and number of patient visits (Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010). â€Å"Direct supply costs are the only truly variable costs and a hospital that can be directly tied to patient volume and to cash expenditures† (Rauh, Wadsworth, Weeks, 2010, p. 61). Labor can be classified into two broad categories of direct labor and indirect labor. Labor is direct when working wages can be identified with specific costing units such as departments products or sales contracts and indirect labor is identified as all other employees that cannot be directly traced to the costing units (Chiang, 2013). Distinguishing between direct and indirect labor is vital to the budgetary process in determining accurate costs, measuring efficiency, decision-making and control, and minimizing overhead allocation inaccuracies (Chiang, 2013). Costs that have a direct correlation to the department could be either a variable or a fixed cost and the sum of these components equate to the total cost. Fixed costs are those that stay the same regardless the number of patients a healthcare facility treats or admits. The hospital still has to pay fixed costs even if their services are not used or even underutilized. Examples of fixed costs include insurance premiums, rent o n buildings or equipment, depreciation on buildings or equipment, taxes, utilities, and some salaried labor costs(Roberts et al., 1999). In healthcare, variable costs are expenses that fluctuate directly and proportionally with patient volume (Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010). Variable costs comprise all direct materials related in treating an individual patient including medications, testing agents, and disposable supplies as well as the salaries of nurses and technicians. Nurse Managers are considered a direct cost to the nursing department since the salary is the same reoccurring amount each month regardless of the quantity or volume of patients. The medical supplies furnished to the nursing department will be a direct cost that will be a variable cost if the total amount of supply used in the department increases or decreases as a volume in the department fluctuates. In estimating budgets, nurse managers determine the relationship between fixed costs, variable costs and total costs by utilizing a relevant range graph. The relevant range graph represents the likely range of activities within each cost behavior that is covered by the budget(Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010). Labor’s Influential Department Costs With enduring economic changes in healthcare, executives are continuously seeking how best to manage labor costs, how to efficiently allocate resources and optimize hospital staffing while reducing expenses all the while improving patient care. Twenty-five to 30% of the healthcare budget in a hospital organization stems from the nursing department (Dunham-Taylor Pinczuk, 2010) and the variable costs of labor are often 50 to 60% of total operating expenses(Rauh, Wadsworth, Weeks, 2010). Nursing departments are the only area where labor costs are directly related to patient volumeand the hospital’s profitability is very sensitive to changes in patient volume (Rauh et al., 2010). A hospital loses 100% of the patient revenue when volume is reduced but saves only on the cost of the direct supplies, whereas when patient volumes increase the next patient become highly profitable since revenue is captured(Rauh et al., 2010). Rauh et al. (2010) asserts, the true cost of caring for t he next patients is relatively small, as the additional cost is limited to direct supplies(p. 62). As a result, nursing management will focus their attention on utilization and throughput, the driving force in any fixed cost industry (Rauh et al., 2010). With labor cost containment and productivity initiatives scrutinized, managers are implementing flexibility in staffing. Strategically integrating a flexible staffing workflow provides the ability to adjust skill mix of core staff and volume of workforce when volume cycles demand. PACU Staffing and Productivity The labor force of the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) is directly patient volume driven and planned differently than other units. The PACU workload resets daily, with a daily variation in census, and the workload is peaked by time of day. The unit of service indicator used for the PACU department during the budgetary process is 2.5910 hours per patient. For example, with 40 surgical cases scheduled the PACU’s productive target hours will be 103.64. Hours per patient minute (HPPM) are the numbers of hours of nursing care provided, compared to the number of patients during a 24-hour period. Actual productive HPPM is calculated by taking the total nursing hours spent providing direct patient care each month and dividing it by the actual patient minutes spent in PACU. These hours include nurses, clerical, ancillary staff, and the assistant nurse manager. The nurse manager reviews weekly reports for the target HPPM with actual HPPM, monitoring vacancy rates, and maintaining the a verage nurse to patient ratio of 1:2. Understanding these reports help the nurse manager make data driven budget and staffing decisions. Due to the PACU’s fluctuating workload and census, adjustments are necessary to the HPPM. In order to ensure safe patient care the PACU manager evaluates the nursing skill level each day and makes the proper skill mix adjustments. Since shift overlap overtime raises the HPPM, the nurse manager analyzes productivity reports daily. Historical data supported management’s decision to mitigate expensive nursing care hours with an adjustment in our workforce to flex positions in order to meet changing volumes. Nonproductive non-worked hours and nonproductive indirect hours are also important budgeting factors in labor. Nonproductive, indirect hours referred to the hours reserved for activities, meetings, education and orientation. Nonproductive non-worked hours include paid time off for vacation, holidays, and sick time. References Chiang, B. (2013). Indirect labor costs and implications for overhead allocation. Accounting Taxation, 5(1), 85-96. Dunham-Taylor, J., Pinczuk, J. Z. (2010). Financial management for nurse managers: Merging the heart with the dollar (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Frow, N., Marginson, D., Ogden, S. (2010). Continuous budgeting: reconciling budget flexibility with budgetary control. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35, 444-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.10.003 King, R., Clarkson, P., Wallace, S. (2009). Budgeting practices and performance in small healthcare businesses. Management Accounting Research, 21, 40-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2009.11.002 Rauh, S., Wadsworth, E., Weeks, W. (2010). The fixed cost dilemma: What counts when counting cost reduction efforts. Healthcare Financial Management, 64(3), 60-63. Reiter, K. L., Song, P. H. (2013). Hospital capital budgeting in an era of transformation. Journal of Healthcare Finance, 39(3), 14-22. Roberts, R. R., Frutos, P. W., Ciavarella, G. G., Gussow, L. M., Mensah, E. K., Kampe, L. M. (1999). Distribution of variable versus fixed costs of hospital care. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 644-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.7.644

Comparing Websties of Popular Newspapers -- News Internet Web Computer

Comparing Websties of Popular Newspapers The Internet has become a very powerful tool in gathering news and information. Websites can direct individuals to literally thousands of stories pertaining to world affairs, national news, arts, sciences etc. that would normally not be found in televised or printed news. Not only can the Internet provide a superior quantity of information, but it also gives individuals the freedom of choice in what they read and view. Normal news outlets cannot give an individual this freedom, and due to the flexibility of the Internet, many people are rejecting traditional sources for news and media and obtaining their daily news via the Internet. Still, the newspaper industry has not been blind to the building popularity of Internet news. In fact, many newspapers are discovering that the use of the Internet is a low-cost way to increase readership and to increase revenues through advertising. Because of this, familiar newspapers such as the â€Å"New York Times,† the â€Å"Wall Stree t Journal† and the â€Å"Washington Post† have begun posting daily editions of their papers online. Each newspapers’ website can be viewed via the following links - http://www.nytimes.com/: http://online.wsj.com/public/us: http://www.washingtonpost.com/?LOAD_PAGE&reload=true. The remainder of this paper will compare the strengths and/or weaknesses of each sites’ layout, evaluate the variety of news content on each site, and try to determine the possible readership each paper is attempting to appeal to. These three particular newspapers are chosen due to their comparable fame and resources. This is important when evaluating a paper’s content because limitations in resources could restrict how effectively a paper can cover brea... ...d easily explain the higher focus on the fine arts found the NYT. Although no single newspaper of the three is superior to another, one should easily be able make a selection after evaluating each newspapers’ website for quality layout, diverse and detailed content, and after examining each site in attempt to determine a typical readership for each paper. The NYT and the WP both have skillfully designed websites, while the WSJ website lacks certain elements that make the other two sites seem more clean. However if you consider yourself a businessperson, the WSJ provides a much greater volume of business related stories that either the WP or the NYT. For more coverage of world affairs and the fine arts and sciences, the NYT is the paper of choice. Finally, to obtain additional political information or stories of human-interest, the WP is the paper of choice.